“This makes us suspect that milk cortisol is programming a ‘cheaper infant’ that is more nervous and less confident. Hinde hopes her findings could one day lead to “precision milk” for vulnerable infants-such as in neonatal intensive care units-who do not have access to their own mother’s milk. A daughter’s temperament was also correlated with the mother’s social rank, Hinde added. Hinde’s research indicates that mothers who produced milk with higher levels of cortisol had babies that gained weight faster, were more nervous and less confident. Milk can also influence a baby’s temperament. These sex-differentiated developmental trajectories are seen in rhesus monkeys, chimpanzees and humans.” In other words, daughters need more minerals, sooner, because they grow faster. Rather, the “skeletal development of primate females is faster than the skeletal development of males. “This doesn’t mean that one milk is biased or better,” she said. The milk produced for sons is richer in fat and protein. The milk produced for daughters contained more calcium. ![]() Mothers who gave birth to a daughter produced more milk than mothers who gave birth to a son-a finding subsequently replicated in cows. “The ‘biological recipe’ of milk for sons and daughters can differ,” she observed. In her lab, Hinde studies the milk rhesus monkey mothers make for their babies. Until recently, there has been relatively little research on what’s actually in breast milk. Most of what’s known about breast milk comes from research on dairy cattle, mammary gland dysfunction, the development of breast milk substitutes like formulas and from evolutionary biology. Mother’s milk may prevent, treat or cure many of the world’s infant health problems such as obesity and diarrhea, the leading cause of child mortality, she said. “Because of these myriad functions, breast milk is considered liquid gold and breastfeeding is a gold standard that’s advanced by many national and international bodies that guide public health and medical decision-making,” said Hinde, an associate professor at Arizona State University’s School of Human Evaluation and Social Change. Katie Hinde at a Wednesday Afternoon Lecture recently in Masur Auditorium. ![]() Along with fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals, it also supplies hormones, stem cells and immune factors that help protect babies from disease-causing organisms, explained Dr. Mother’s milk does so much more than just feed a baby.
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